Freemasonry means many
things to many people. This is true not only of the person who is not a Mason, but applies
as well to Masons themselves. Some of those who have been members of the Masonic Craft for
may years are afraid to mention even the things which almost everyone knows about the
fraternity. Others amongst us are convinced that Freemasonry is a secret society
and they, as members, are forbidden to talk about it to others whom they do not know to be
Masons. Most of this is far from the truth and a word of explanation concerning this
Fraternal organization may not be amiss.
Freemasonry is a Fraternity
Freemasonry is the oldest, and by far, the largest fraternal order in the world. Its
Lodges stretch around the globe and, like the British Empire, it might well be said that
the sun never sets upon the Masonic Lodge. Fraternity means as association of brothers and
that is exactly what Freemasonry is -- a society of friends and brothers. It is not a
benefit society in the sense that one becomes a member of it because of the insurance
benefits which he may receive or which may inure to his family at his death. It is not an
eleemosynary institution, founded to collect and disburse charity or founded on the giving
of alms.
It is not a secret society in that its Temples are openly marked and almost
everyone in the community knows where they are located. The Grand Lodge publishes a list
of the members of every Lodge in Virginia. Many of the Lodges have individual bulletins
which carry the names of the officers and of members as well. Thus it is, in the strictest
sense of the word, a society with secrets and these are limited to its obligation, it
modes of recognition, such as pass-words and grips, etc. and certain parts of its ritual.
It is religious in character, but it is not a religion. It is founded upon the
basic principle of the Brotherhood of Man under the Fatherhood of God, and everyone who
comes into its Lodges must express a belief in God. No one is asked to express a
particular belief about God, for this is the privilege of each individual and is not
infringed by our Fraternity.
Freemasonry practices a selective charity, founded on the
principle of brotherly need which is not applicable in all cases that have a surface
likeness. No member has a specific claim upon the society for its charity, for the is not
a right acquired by becoming a member of the society; rather, it is a privilege.
Freemasonry, The Teacher
One of Freemasonry's objectives is the making of better men. This it endeavors to do by
teaching. It aims to inculcate in the minds of those who come into it some of those
virtues which are recognized as prerequisites for a better life. Its teachings include
brotherhood, morality, justice, tolerance, citizenship, education and freedom of ideas, of
religious choice, of expression.
The worth of the individual in society is another of its prime
objectives, but it believes that this worth is only achieved by the recognition of the
corresponding responsibility which must accompany each privilege the individual enjoys.
Upon this premise, right may be exercised properly only as long as they do not infringe
those belonging to one's neighbor. This principle finds its highest expression in the term
"brotherly love" which teaches us to regard the whole human race as one common
family, who are sent into the world to aid, support and protect each other.
Freemasonry's Organization
Just as the individuals is the foundation of our Society of Friends and Brothers, so is
the Masonic Lodge the fundamental organization of it. This basic unit of the organization
is sometimes called the "Blue Lodge," sometimes, the Craft Lodge, but it always
operates under standards prescribed by a Grand Lodge. There is no higher Masonic authority
than a Grand Lodge, and each Grand Lodge is the sovereign authority within the State or
Country over which it claims jurisdiction. The Grand Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted
Masons of the Commonwealth of Virginia is the supreme governing authority over every Lodge
in Virginia. Its chief officer has the title Grand Master, but he is known as the Grand
Master of Masons in Virginia, signifying his election by the Masons of Virginia whose
votes are cast by their duly elected representatives. He acts for all of the Masons
collectively who live within the State and are members of its Lodges.
The Officers of the individual Lodge are the Worshipful Master
(the term worshipful being used after the old English manner, meaning respected);
the Senior and Junior Wardens. The term warden means "watcher" or
supervisor, taken from the old English term as used by the stonemason of the eighteenth
century. In addition, the Lodge has a Treasurer and Secretary as well as two deacons. Both
of the latter are messengers who carry messages at the direction of the Master or the
Senior Warden to others about the Lodge, as the occasion may require. These two brethren
also see to the accommodation of visitors when the Lodge is assembled. There are also
Stewards, who see to the preparation of food, its service, and perform other duties. There
is a Chaplain, charged with offering prayers and reading the Bible at certain times. The
officer without the door is the Tiler or Tyler, who guards the Lodge from intrusion.
Freemasonry's Membership
Membership, because it is a fraternity, is limited to men. He who would become a member
must meet certain recognized requirements--high standards of character and reputation. It
does not require that its members subscribe to any particular creed, or belong to any
particular church. Church membership does not keep one out of or secure him admission into
any Masonic Lodge. The profession of a belief in God and in a future life are the sole
religious requirements.
No one is excluded because of his membership in a particular
church. There are, however, a few denomination which do not allow their members to become
Masons. In some instances the mistaken impression has gone abroad that Freemasonry refuses
admission to those who are member of certain denominations. It is the church rather than
Freemasonry, that denies them membership.
How Does One Become a Freemason?
Many men do not understand the process of acquiring membership in a Masonic Lodge. No
one is ever invited to become a Mason or to join a Masonic Lodge. Though all morally good
men would be welcome in any Masonic Lodge, the man himself must first ask some Mason about
becoming a member. Once he has done so, the requested Mason will secure an application
blank, called by our Lodges a petition, and he has taken the first step. He must have two
Masons who know him sign his petition, vouching for his character and qualifications. He
must also receive unanimous ballot of the members of the Lodge to which he applies for the
degrees, who are present when his petition is voted on.
Having passed this ballot, the candidate receives the first of three degrees
which make up the symbolic or Craft Lodge. This is designated The Degree of Entered
Apprentice. The second degree is designated The Degree of Fellow Craft and the third as
the Degree of Master Mason. Each Degree is a separate entity and one is always an Entered
Apprentice when he sits in a Lodge on the First Degree of Masonry, no matter what his
Masonic status may be. Each of these degrees has certain rights and privileges but all of
the rights and privileges are attained only after the candidate has received the Degree of
Master Mason.
After he has received each of the degrees, the candidate must
commit to memory a catechism covering the degree received. He must be examined in open
Lodge and prove his right to be advanced thereby. This serves a useful purpose, for it
assures the Fraternity that each will know himself to be a Mason and be able to recognize
others as members of the Craft by their manner of speaking. He will be enable by such
knowledge to visit other Lodges where he is not known and must be examined to prove his
right to be admitted.
Freemasonry's Origin
Freemasonry is ancient, having existed in some form for so long that many serious
students have differed as to the time and place of its origin. There is evidence of a
basic type of craft association which antedates the Christian era. It survived various
transitions which took place during the Middle Ages. It was during this period that the
word "Free" was prefixed to the word Mason, because these builders were one of
the very few classes of persons allowed to travel from country to country and to practice
the builder's art wheresoever they went. It was these companies of Masons who constructed
the beautiful cathedrals and other stately structures which dot the plains of Europe and
the English countryside. These men differed from the main from others of the working
crafts because they, possessing knowledge and skills not found elsewhere, were free men
rather than bond servants.
Until about the Sixteenth Century Masons were strictly an
operative craft, bond together by the close ties found in the constructive craft guilds of
the day. Early in the Seventeenth Century, men of prominence were admitted, not as
craftsmen, for they were not skilled in the builders art, but rather as patrons. Gradually
these men came to be known as "accepted" Masons. Thus, by the time the Seventh
Century came to its end the accepted or speculative Masons were predominant
in many of the older Lodges of Freemasons. Today the Masonic Lodge is termed speculative
because its emphasis is on the moral philosophy which is its foundation, rather than the
operative art of the Sixteenth and earlier centuries. The tools of the stonemason are used
to symbolize moral virtues rather than to build cathedrals.
The Grand Lodge System
On June 24, 1717, this being St. John the Baptist Day, the members of four old Lodges
in London, England, met together in Grand Assembly to form the Grand Lodge of England.
That this was a speculative Lodge is evidenced by the election of one styled "Anthony
Sayer, gentleman," as Grand Master. All modern Freemasonry traces its beginning under
the Grand Lodge system of government to this Grand Lodge.
Freemasonry came to America about the third decade of the Eighteenth Century when
Lodges were established in New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Virginia, South Carolina
and Georgia. American Freemasons can take pride in the part which the members of this
Fraternity played in the history of our country.
Many of the signers of the Declaration of Independence were Masons and the same
statement is true of those who signed the Constitution of the United States. Famous men
such as George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Paul Revere, Lafayette, James Monroe and
many others whose names awaken memories of the founding of our country and of Virginia as
a State. Since our country's beginning thirteen of its President's have been Masons.
Masons have also won laurels in other field of endeavor and we
find them prominent in government, in science, in sports, in entertainment, and finally in
man's newest field, that of space exploration with Wally Schirra, Gordon Cooper, Virgil
Grissom and the second man to set foot on the moon -- "Buz" Aldrin, all bound by
the mystic tie of Freemasonry.
Freemasonry -- What is It?
It has a different connotation in different situations. Someone has written that
Freemasonry is honesty in business; that it is fairness in work; courtesy in society;
compassion for the sick and unfortunate; forgiveness for the penitent; love for our
fellowman and reverence for God.
Yes, it is all of these, but is more, for Freemasonry is a philosophy to live by,
the shadow of a mighty rock in a weary land. |
